Bowel incontinence, or faecal incontinence, is when you have problems controlling your bowels.

It can be very upsetting and embarrassing, but it's important to get medical advice if you have it because treatment can help.

Bowel incontinence can affect people in different ways.

You may have a problem if:

• you have sudden urges to poo that you cannot control
• you soil yourself without realising you needed the toilet
• you sometimes leak poo – for example, when you fart
• it happens every day or from time to time – a one-off "accident" when you're ill with diarrhoea is not usually a problem
• it's affecting your daily life – for example, it stops you socialising

You may also have other symptoms, such as constipation, diarrhoea, farting or bloating.

See a GP if you have difficulty controlling your bowels. Do not be embarrassed about talking to someone about it.

Remember that:

• it's not something to be ashamed of
• it's common and GPs are used to seeing people with it
• it's not something you have to put up with
• it will probably not get better on its own
• it can be treated

If you'd prefer not to see a GP, you may be able to make an appointment at an NHS continence service instead. Call your local hospital for details of your nearest service.

Treatment can help improve bowel incontinence and reduce the impact it has on your life. The best treatment for you depends on what's causing the problem.

Treatments for bowel incontinence include:

• incontinence products – such as pads you wear in your underwear or small plugs you put in your bottom
• changes to your diet – such as avoiding foods that make diarrhoea worse
• medicines to reduce constipation or diarrhoea
• pelvic floor exercises to strengthen the muscles used to control your bowels

Surgery may be considered if other treatments do not help.

Read more about treatments for bowel incontinence

There are lots of possible causes of bowel incontinence. Often it's caused by a combination of problems.

Causes of bowel incontinence include:

• severe or long-lasting constipation or diarrhoea
• irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• inflammatory bowel disease – such as Crohn's disease
• severe piles (haemorrhoids)
• childbirth or surgery damaging the muscles or nerves you use to control your bowels
• conditions that can affect the nerves in your bottom – such as diabetes, a stroke or spina bifida

Do not try to self-diagnose the cause of your problems. Get medical help so the underlying cause can be identified and treated.

For more advice, information and support, see:

• Bladder & Bowel Community: including more on treatments, ways to cope and patient stories